A Computation Method of Evaporation and Holding Time of LNG Tank with Marine Fuel
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摘要: 在液化天然气(LNG)动力船舶设计中,船用 LNG 燃料储罐中的蒸发量和维持时间的计算,对于 LNG 动力船蒸发气体处理系统的设计有着重要意义。提出了一种基于 LNG 平均蒸发率的LNG 燃料储罐蒸发量和维持时间计算方法。利用传热学公式,对储罐分别装液氮和 LNG 时的蒸发率进行分析,得到储罐的液氮静态蒸发率和 LNG 静态蒸发率之间的关系。根据不同压力下的 LNG密度和汽化潜热的关系,得出储罐内部压力在小范围变化时的平均蒸发率计算公式。运用计算所得的 LNG 平均蒸发率推导出 LNG 蒸发量的计算公式,根据蒸发后储罐中气体质量的变化得出维持时间的计算公式。最后,以某20 m3 LNG 储罐为例,分别使用基于 LNG 平均蒸发率的方法和基于液氮蒸发率的方法计算了该 LNG 储罐的蒸发量和维持时间,其在维持时间内的蒸发量分别为20.72 kg 和34.1 kg,维持时间分别为21.64 d 和13.15 d,基于 LNG 平均蒸发率方法比基于液氮蒸发率方法得出的蒸发量少13.38 kg,维持时间多8.49 d。使用这2种方法进一步计算了蒸发量随时间的变化并进行了比较,结果表明,2种方法计算的储罐蒸发量随时间的变化总体趋势相同,但蒸发量和维持时间差别较大;与基于液氮蒸发率的方法相比,基于 LNG 平均蒸发率的方法所计算的结果更接近实际值,能更好地指导 LNG 动力船蒸发气体处理系统的设计。Abstract: Computation of evaporation and holding time of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)tank with marine fuel is important in the design of boil-off gas treatment system for the LNG powered ships.A computation method for the evapo-ration and holding time of LNG tank with marine fuel is presented.The evaporation rate of liquid nitrogen and LNG is an-alyzed respectively by using the heat transfer formula.The relationship between static evaporation rate of liquid nitrogen and LNG is derived.For the situations of small pressure variations,the computation formula of LNG evaporation rate is obtained by the relationship of density of LNG and its latent heat of vaporization under different pressures.The computa-tion formula of LNG evaporation is therefore deduced from the average evaporation rate of LNG.The holding time of LNG tank is computed according to the change of gas weight in the storage tank.As a case study,the evaporation and holding time of a 20 m3 LNG tank are computed by two different methods.The evaporation computed with average evapo-ration rate of LNG is 20.72 kg.It is 34.1 kg in computation with evaporation rate of liquid nitrogen.The holding time computed by the former method is 21.64 d;and 13.15 d of the later method.The evaporation computed with average e-vaporation rate of LNG is 13.38 kg less,and the holding time is 8.49 d shorter.The temporal variations of the evaporation computed by these two methods are generally consistent,while the evaporation and the holding time show great differ-ences.Comparing with the method based on the evaporation rate of liquid nitrogen,this method using average evaporation rate of LNG,provides solutions more consistent with the observations.This method can be further applied to guide the design of boil-off gas treatment system for the LNG powered ships.
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Key words:
- traffic safety /
- LNG tank /
- evaporation /
- holding time /
- heat transfer theory /
- evaporation rate
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