预约出行条件下私家车通勤客流分配方法

白紫秀; 焦朋朋; 陈越; 林坤; 云旭

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.04.015

预约出行条件下私家车通勤客流分配方法

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.04.015

北京建筑大学通用航空技术北京实验室北京 100044

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51578040

北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划项目 CIT & TCD20180324

详细信息

作者简介:
白紫秀(1998—), 硕士研究生.研究方向: 交通运输规划与管理、预约出行. E-mail: baizixiu126@126.com

通讯作者:
焦朋朋(1984—), 博士, 教授.研究方向: 城市及区域交通规划、智能交通系统.E-mail: jiaopengpeng@bucea.edu.cn

中图分类号: U491
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-31

An Assignment Method of Commuter Flow of Private Cars Under Travel Reservation

Beijing Laboratory of General Aviation Technology, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China

摘要

摘要: 预约能调整城市交通的供需关系, 最大化利用交通资源。针对私家车通勤引发的交通拥堵, 研究了预约出行条件下私家车通勤客流分配方法。将车辆分为受控的预约车辆和不受控的非预约车辆, 道路状态分为可预约状态和不可预约状态, 给出了道路状态判别及车辆行程时间计算方法, 构建了城市通勤私家车的预约出行模型。以Nguyen-Dupuis网络作为算例, 从行程时间和预约数量2个方面评价车辆实施预约出行的效果。结果表明: 预约比例由0%提升至100%时, 路径的行程时间降低20%~30%, 平均行程时间从610 s降低至466 s; 当预约比例为30%时能获得全部预约比例的80%收益; 全部车辆均期望参与预约时, 由于预约需求的不均衡仍有2%的车辆预约失败。得出结论, 当预约出行的比例达到30%~40%时, 即可达到缓解拥堵的预期效果。
- 城市交通 /
- 交通分配 /
- 预约出行 /
- 路径选择 /
- 通勤客流
Abstract: Travel reservation alleviates the supply-demand contradiction of urban transportation, which utilizes transportation resources adequately. For the traffic jams caused by private car commuting, the assignment method of the commuter flow of private cars under travel reservation is studied. It divides vehicles into the controllable reservation and uncontrollable non-reservation ones, and road status into reservable/non-reservable road status. The methods to calculate road state discrimination and vehicles' travel time are given to propose a travel reservation model for urban commuting private cars. The Nguyen-Dupuis network is used to evaluate the effect of implementing travel reservations in terms of both travel time and the number of reservation vehicles. The results show that when the travel reservation rate is increased from 0% to 100%, the path travel time is reduced by 20%-30%, and the average travel time is decreased from 610 s to 466 s. With a 30% reservation ratio, 80% of the benefits of the full reservation ratio can be obtained. There is still 2% of vehicles failing to reserve due to uneven demands for reservations even when all vehicles are expected to participate in the reservation. It is concluded that the expected congestion relief can be achieved when the reservation rate reaches 30%-40%.
- urban traffic /
- traffic assignment /
- travel reservation /
- path selection /
- commuter flows

HTML全文

图 1 一般情况下瓶颈区拥堵原理分析

Figure 1. Principle analysis of congestion in the bottleneck area under general conditions

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图 2 预约缓解瓶颈区拥堵原理分析

Figure 2. Principle analysis of reservation to relieve congestion in bottleneck areas

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图 3 北京中心城区工作日出行特征

Figure 3. Weekday travel characteristics in the central city in Beijing

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图 4 预约出行的流程图

Figure 4. Flow of travel reservation

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图 5 Nguyen-Dupuis网络拓扑结构图

Figure 5. Nguyen-Dupuis network topology

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图 6 预约车辆分配路径的路网状态

Figure 6. Selection of the shortest route from the static road network for assigning reservation vehicles

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图 7 不同比例预约车辆的路径行程时间变化

Figure 7. Variation of the travel time of the path for different percentages of reservation vehicles

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图 8 不同比例预约车辆的行程时间及改善效果

注：获得收益比=获得收益/拥堵损失；潜在收益比=潜在收益/拥堵损失；拥堵损失=平均行程时间-最短行程时间；获得收益=不实施预约出行的平均行程时间-平均行程时间；潜在收益=平均行程时间-全部车辆参与预约的平均行程时间

Figure 8. Commuting time and improvement effects of different percentages of reservation vehicles

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图 9 不同预约比例下车辆的预约情况

Figure 9. Reservation of vehicles with different reservation ratios

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图 10 不同预约比例下车辆的成功预约比

Figure 10. Successful reservation of vehicles with different reservation ratios

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图 11 不同比例下预约车辆的预约名额变化

注：占比1=(预约名额-成功预约车辆数)/预约名额；占比2=(期望预约车辆数-成功预约车辆数)/期望预约车辆数

Figure 11. Changes in the reservation capacity of reserved vehicles under different ratios

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表 1 预约车辆和非预约车辆

Table 1. Reservable/non-reservable vehicles

车辆分类	车辆特点
预约车辆	车辆数量、出发时间和路线可控
非预约车辆	车辆数量、出发时间和路线根据历史数据确定，包括不愿意参与预约、预约失败、以及考虑交通随机性的车辆

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表 2 可预约道路和不可预约道路

Table 2. Reservable/non-reservable roads

道路分类	车辆特点
可预约道路	受道路密度限制，车辆数少，车速快, 交通状态好；道路上有预约车辆和非预约车辆
不可预约道路	不受限制，车辆数多, 车速低，交通状态相较可预约道路差; 道路上仅有非预约车辆

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表 3 路段自由流时间和通行能力

Table 3. Free travel time and capacity of sections

路段	自由流时间/s	通行能力/(pcu/h)	路段	自由流时间/s	通行能力/(pcu/h)
1-5	70	900	8-2	100	900
1-12	80	900	9-10	100	900
4-5	90	900	9-13	90	900
4-9	140	900	10-11	80	900
5-6	50	900	11-2	90	900
5-9	90	900	11-3	80	900
6-7	50	900	12-6	70	900
6-10	130	900	12-8	150	900
7-8	50	900	13-3	110	900
7-11	90	900

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表 4 通过节点1-3的路径及行程时间

Table 4. Path and travel time of passing nodes 1-3

路径	自由流速度行程时间/s	期望速度行程时间/s
1-5-9-13-3	360	453.65
1-5-9-10-11-3	420	529.25
1-5-6-10-11-3	410	516.65
1-5-6-7-11-3	340	428.44
1-12-6-10-11-3	440	554.46
1-12-6-7-11-3	370	466.25

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