An Approach for Determining Seating Capacity of 12m City Buses Based on Passenger Density
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摘要: 为选用合理的座椅布置来适应运营时段内客流的变化, 提高城市客车服务能力, 调查了坐姿乘客在车厢地板上的平均投影面积, 明确了划分不同运营时段的判别准则, 提出了1种综合考虑坐姿和站立乘客的乘客密度指数, 分析了车上人数和高峰流量系数对座椅数目最优解的影响; 提出了公交线路上采用单一座椅布置情形下的12m城市客车最优座椅数目确定方法, 分析了座椅布置与运营时段之间的匹配方法, 运用西安市7条公交线路的客流数据验证了模型的可行性, 分析了3种常见座椅布置对运营时段和线路属性的适应性。结果表明: 坐姿乘客在车厢地板上的平均投影面积为0.35 m2/人; 高峰客流系数是影响12 m城市客车座椅数目的关键因素; 公交线路单一座椅布置的座椅数目推荐值为21~43座; 控制实际座椅数目与最优解的偏差在2个座位以内且满足通用布置原则要求时, 可使座椅布置适配公交线路的效果达到最佳。Abstract: The projected area of seated passengers on board is investigated to provide an optimal solution for the seating configuration to adapt to the passenger flow in the operational periods and improve the serviceability of city buses. The criteria regarding whether the current trip is a peak shift are defined, with a passenger density index proposed for optimizing the seating capacity in operational periods considering both standing and seated passengers. Besides, the work analyzes the effects of the number of people on board and the peak coefficient on the optimal solution of the capacity of seats. An approach is proposed to determine the optimal capacity of seats with a single seat configuration of all the 12 m city buses, with the correspondence between capacity of seats allocated to the bus lines and the operational periods discussed. The feasibility of the present approach is demonstrated through a case study. Moreover, the applicability of three main seat configurations to the operational periods and the attributes of the bus lines are compared. The results show that the projected area of a seated passenger is 0.35 m2 in the city buses in Xi'an and the peak coefficient has a more significant effects on the capacity of seats of the 12 m city buses. The recommended value of the capacity of seats of the 12 m city buses preferably ranges from 21 to 43 seats. When the deviation of the actual capacity of seats with the optimal solution is controlled within 2 seats and the specifications of seat configuration are considered, which adapted to the bus line can achieve the desired effects.
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Key words:
- public transport /
- city bus /
- passenger density /
- seating capacity /
- peak coefficient of passenger flow
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图 1 最优解与高峰客流量系数的关系
Figure 1. Correspondence between the optimal solution and peak coefficients
图 2 轴距1+2后通道2+2型座椅布置模式
Figure 2. Seat configuration of wheelbase 1+2 and rear aisle 2+2
图 3 轴距1+1后通道2+2型座椅布置模式
Figure 3. Seat configuration of wheelbase 1+1 and rear aisle 2+2
图 4 轴距1+1后通道1+1型座椅布置模式
Figure 4. Seat configuration of wheelbase 1+1 and rear aisle 1+1
表 1 西安市坐姿乘客投影面积
Table 1. Projected area of the seated passengers in Xi'an
座椅朝向 座椅高度/m 乘客身高/m 投影面积/m2 样本数/人 垂直于行驶方向的侧座 0.45 [1.60, 1.75) 0.35 72 [1.75, 1.90) 0.38 20 平行于行驶方向的正座 0.55 [1.60, 1.75) 0.34 69 [1.75, 1.90) 0.37 21 
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表 2 5条线路的高峰客流量系数与最优解计算结果
Table 2. Peak coefficients and optimal solutions of the five bus lines investigated
公交线路 No.l No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 平峰时段客流量/人 23 156 19 822 34 323 26 418 18 687 高峰时段客流量/人 13 281 5 266 10 363 9 488 2 460 髙峰客流量系数β 0.364 0.21 0.231 0.264 0.116 座椅数目最优解S0/ U=35 27 32 31 30 35 U=45 25 30 29 28 34 U=55 23 29 28 27 33 U=65 23 28 27 26 32 U=75 22 28 27 26 32 U=85 22 27 26 25 32 乘客密度指数f/范围/(人/m2) 3.4~7.1 3.1 ~7.3 3.1 ~7.3 3.2~7.2 2.7~7.5
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