雾天驾驶人车辆操纵行为特性及其与追尾风险相关性分析

薛晴婉; 徐嘉伟; 闫学东; 向往; 李颖宏; 杜志刚

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.01.003

雾天驾驶人车辆操纵行为特性及其与追尾风险相关性分析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.01.003

1.
北方工业大学电气与控制工程学院北京 100144
2.
北京交通大学交通运输学院北京 100044
3.
长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院长沙 410015
4.
武汉理工大学交通学院武汉 430070

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 72171017

详细信息

作者简介:
薛晴婉(1991-), 博士, 讲师. 研究方向: 驾驶行为分析、智能预警方法. E-mail: qwxue@ncut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
向往(1988-), 博士, 讲师. 研究方向: 智慧交通、交通安全、驾驶行为. E-mail: xiangwang@csust.edu.cn

中图分类号: U491.25
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-31

A Study on the Correlation Between Vehicle Control Behaviors and Rear-end Collision Risk under Foggy Conditions

1.
School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
2.
School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
3.
School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410015, China
4.
School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

摘要

摘要: 为分析驾驶人在雾天环境下的车辆操纵行为特性及其与追尾风险的内在关系，设计并开展驾驶模拟试验，采用方差分析，混合效应模型等对晴天、雾天2种环境下驾驶人的车辆操纵行为特性进行对比分析，并利用相关性分析及二元Logistics回归模型对避撞过程中行为间的相互作用及其与追尾风险间的关系进行挖掘。结果表明：雾天环境下驾驶人的车道偏移标准差比晴天环境下大20.8%，表明雾天环境下驾驶人的车辆保持能力较差；同时，驾驶人在雾天环境下为持续获得前车视野保持的车头时距比晴天条件下小0.423 s；雾天时驾驶人在追尾避撞阶段的平均减速度是晴天时的1.1倍；受到初始车头时距的影响，雾天时驾驶人在避撞过程中的最小车头时距相较于晴天减少了0.475 s，此时最小车头时距的减少导致雾天环境下发生追尾碰撞的风险较于晴天环境增加了4.93倍。
- 交通安全 /
- 追尾风险 /
- 驾驶模拟试验 /
- 车辆操纵行为 /
- 雾天
Abstract: In order to analyze the characteristics of vehicle control behaviors and study its relationship with rear-end collision risk under foggy conditions, a driving simulationexperiment is conducted, and corresponding behaviors under foggy weather is compared with that under good visibility using ANONA and mixed-effect regression model. Further, the relationship between vehicle control behavior and rear-end collision risk is investigated by correlation analysis and a binary logistic regression model. The results show that the standard deviations of lane departure under foggy conditions are 20.8% higher than that under good visibility conditions, indicates poor vehicle control of drivers under foggy conditions. Besides, drivers prefer to keep shorter time headway, in order to maintain a good vision to the vehicles in front under foggy weather. It is also found that, during the process of avoiding rear-end collision, average deceleration underfoggy weather is 1.1 times of that under good weather. Moreover, study results show that the average minimum time headway under foggy conditions is 0.475 s shorter than that undergood visibility conditions, which results in the rear-end collision risk increases by 4.93 times.
- traffic safety /
- rear-end risk /
- driving simulation experiment /
- vehicle control behavior /
- foggy weather

HTML全文

图 1 北京交通大学驾驶模拟系统

Figure 1. A driving simulation system of Beijing Jiaotong University

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图 2 基本试验道路场景示意图

Figure 2. Basic road design of the simulation

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图 3 晴天和雾天下的道路场景

Figure 3. Simulation road under clear and foggy conditions

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图 4 变量定义示意图

Figure 4. Illustration of variable definitions

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图 5 不同性别、职业以及性别和职业的交互作用下驾驶人的横向偏移标准差

Figure 5. Effect of gender and occupation and gender and occupation on standard deviation of lane position

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图 6 不同职业驾驶人在不同天气下的横向平均加速度

Figure 6. Effect of weather and occupation on average lateral accelerations

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图 7 不同天气下驾驶人在不同速度等级下的初始车头时距

Figure 7. Effect of weather and following vehicle's speed on initial time headway

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图 8 不同天气下不同职业驾驶人的平均减速度

Figure 8. Effect of weather and vehicle's occupation on average decelerations

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图 9 不同天气下驾驶人在不同速度等级下的初始车头时距

Figure 9. Effect of weather and following vehicle's speed on minimum headway

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图 10 关联分析结果

注：^“*”为0.01 < P ≤ 0.05；^“**”为0.001 < P ≤ 0.01；^“***”为 P<0.001

Figure 10. Correlation analyses between vehicle control behaviour and rear-end collision risk

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表 1 变量定义及符号描述

Table 1. Variable definitions and symbolic descriptions

阶段	变量描述	符号/单位
跟驰阶段	车道偏移距离标准差（standard deviation of lane position）前车开始减速时刻前3 s内主车偏离车道中心线距离的标准差	SDLP/m
	平均横向加速度（average lateral acceleration）前车开始减速时刻前3 s内主车横向速度变化快慢程度的平均值	AVELA/（m/s²）
	初始车头时距（initial time headway）前车开始减速时刻2车的车头时距	THW_B/s
避撞阶段	减速反应时间（brake response time）前车开始减速时刻到主车开始减速时刻的持续时间	BRT/s
	平均减速度（average deceleration）主车避撞过程中减速度的平均值	AVED/（m/s²）
	最小车头时距（minimum time headway）主车避撞过程中2车最小车头时距	MinTHW/s

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表 2 跟驰阶段各变量在天气因素下的描述性统计和方差分析结果

Table 2. Results of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance of the variables in the car-following phase under weather factors

行为变量	分类	平均值	F值	Sig.
车道偏移标准差/m	晴天	0.024	4.388	0.037
车道偏移标准差/m	雾天	0.029	4.388	0.037
横向平均加速度/（m/s²）	晴天	0.001	0.138	0.710
横向平均加速度/（m/s²）	雾天	< 0.001	0.138	0.710
初始车头时距/s	晴天	2.814	19.921	< 0.001
初始车头时距/s	雾天	2.391	19.921	< 0.001

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表 3 避撞阶段各变量在天气因素下的描述性统计和方差分析结果

Table 3. Results of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance of variables under weather factors during collision avoidance phase

行为变量	分类	平均值	F值	Sig.
减速反应时间/s	晴天	1.415	0.037	0.847
减速反应时间/s	雾天	1.441	0.037	0.847
平均减速度/（m/s²）	晴天	3.882	8.475	0.004
平均减速度/（m/s²）	雾天	4.289	8.475	0.004
最小车头时距/s	晴天	2.384	42.049	< 0.001
最小车头时距/s	雾天	1.909	42.049	< 0.001

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表 4 减速反应时间的混合效应模型

Table 4. Mixed effect model of brake response time

参数	估算	标准误差	t	95% 置信区间
参数	估算	标准误差	t	下限	上限
截距	0.120	0.076	1.575	-0.030	0.269
职业	0.111	0.046	-2.407	-0.201	-0.020
车头时距/s	0.475	0.025	19.199	0.427	0.524
主车速度/(m/s)	0.355	0.058	6.126	0.241	0.470

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