基于驾驶人满意度的机场陆侧交通标志设计方案评价指标权重研究

刘祥敏; 李佳; 刘一兵; 赵晓华; 孙绍航; 陈开群

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.05.016

基于驾驶人满意度的机场陆侧交通标志设计方案评价指标权重研究

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.05.016

刘祥敏^1,,
李佳^{1, 2, ,},
刘一兵³,
赵晓华¹,
孙绍航¹,
陈开群⁴

1.
北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室北京 100124
2.
北京交通工程学会北京 100160
3.
公安部道路交通安全研究中心北京 100062
4.
广西新发展交通集团有限公司南宁 530029

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2019YFB1600504

广西壮族自治区交通运输厅科技示范工程项目 GXHS-2022-016

详细信息

作者简介:
刘祥敏（1996—），博士研究生.研究方向：驾驶行为与安全.E-mail：liuxiangmin@emails.bjut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李佳（1990—），博士，讲师.研究方向：道路交通安全分析、驾驶行为分析等.E-mail：lijia18@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: U417.9
计量
- 文章访问数: 837
- HTML全文浏览量: 369
- PDF下载量: 23
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-05

A Method for Specifying the Weights of Evaluation Indexes for Design Schemes of Landside Signs at Airports Based on Driver Satisfaction

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.
Beijing Traffic Engineering Society, Beijing 100160, China
3.
Road traffic safety research center of the Ministry of public security, Beijing 100062, China
4.
Guangxi Xinfazhan Communication Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530029, China

摘要

摘要: 机场陆侧交通标志对驾驶人及时、准确地寻找目的地至关重要，交通标志设计应充分考虑驾驶人对标志信息的满意度。为此，针对北京大兴国际机场陆侧交通标志，采用均匀设计法提出8组交通标志设计方案，基于叙述性偏好（SP）实验设计调查问卷，在线发放并回收了357份有效问卷，从中获取驾驶人对各组设计方案的满意程度。采用多元多项式回归分析方法，分析陆侧标志文字高度、文字间距、出口方向信息位置、地点信息底色这4种信息要素对于信息满意度的影响，进而采用主观评测法得到各信息要素的权重。采用专家打分法构造判断矩阵，进而运用层次分析法确定各信息要素的权重。将主观测评方法和层次分析法得到的权重结果进行验证比较。结果表明：随着文字高度增加、文字间距变大，地点信息底色与出口方向信息底色对比越明显，驾驶人对于标志的满意度也随之增加；同时，出口方向信息位于左侧时，驾驶人对于标志的满意度更高；基于层次分析法和主观测评法得到的各信息要素权重排序一致，均为：地点信息底色 > 文字高度 > 出口方向信息位置 > 文字间距。该结果可以为机场陆侧交通标志设计提供可靠参考。
- 交通工程 /
- 机场陆侧交通标志 /
- 评价指标权重 /
- 信息满意度模型 /
- 层次分析
Abstract: Landside signs of airports are essential for drivers to find their destinations in a timely and convenient way. Therefore, drivers' satisfaction with traffic signs shall be fully considered during their design. Based on this, the design of the landside signs of Daxing International Airport in Beijing is taken as a case study, and the uniform design technique is used to develop eight design schemes. Based on a stated preference (SP) questionnaire, an online survey is carried out. A total of 357 valid questionnaires are collected from which driver satisfaction toward each scheme is obtained. Next, a multiple polynomial regression analysis technique is used to investigate the influences of the following four design elements (i.e., text height, text spacing, location of exit-information, and background color of location-information) on drivers' satisfaction toward landside signs, based on which a subjective evaluation method is adopted to select the weight of each design element. Further, an expert scoring method is used to develop a judgment matrix, based on which an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the weight of each element. The results from the subjective evaluation method and the AHP method are compared and verified. Study results show that drivers would have higher satisfaction when the height or the spacing of the text is high, or the contrast between the background color of location-information and exit-information is enhanced. In addition, when the information of exit directions is located on the left side, drivers also have a higher satisfaction. The ranks of weights of the four elements based on the subjective evaluation method and the AHP method are consistent, that is, background color of location-information > text height > location of exit information > text spacing. The results from this study can be used as a reference for enhancing the design of landside signs of airports.
- traffic engineering /
- landside signs of airports /
- weights of evaluation indexes /
- information satisfaction model /
- analytic hierarchy process

HTML全文

图 1 实验方案样式

Figure 1. Experiment scheme style

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 信息需求模型

Figure 2. Information demand model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 模型计算步骤

Figure 3. Model calculation steps

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 因素和水平

Table 1. Factors and levels

水平数	实验因素
	文字高度/cm	文字间距		出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
	文字高度/cm	取值标准	数值/cm	出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
1	40	20%字高	8	左	蓝色
2	50	40%字高	20	右	白色
3	60	60%字高	36	下	青色
4	70	80%字高	56		灰色
5					品红
6					橙色
7					紫色
8					绿色

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 均匀设计方案

Table 2. Uniform Design Experimentation

方案编号	文字高度/cm	文字间距		出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
方案编号	文字高度/cm	取值标准	数值/cm	出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
1	40	40%字高	16	右	青色
2	50	80%字高	40	右	白色
3	70	80%字高	56	左	品红
4	60	40%字高	24	左	紫色
5	40	20%字高	8	下	灰色
6	60	20%字高	12	左	绿色
7	50	60%字高	30	下	蓝色
8	70	60%字高	42	右	橙色

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 问卷数据信度分析

Table 3. Reliability analysis of questionnaire data

Cronbach's α	项目个数
0.676	8

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 多元多项式回归模型偏相关系数表

Table 4. Partial correlation coefficient of multivariate polynomial regression model

模型	未标准化系数		标准化系数	t	显著性
模型	B	标准误差	Beta	t	显著性
（常量）	-7.4620	1.221		-5.2620	< 0.001
Y₁	0.516	0.012	4.600	6.242	< 0.001
Y₂	0.256	0.127	1.213	8.631	< 0.001
Y₃	0.361	0.052	3.126	6.285	< 0.001
Y₄	0.722	0.064	6.532	5.321	< 0.001

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 判断矩阵标准度

Table 5. Standard degree of judgment matrix

标度V_m/V_n	含义
1	同等重要
3	稍微重要
5	较为重要
7	非常重要
9	极端重要
2，4，6，8	介于之间

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 判断矩阵

Table 6. Judgement matrix

因素	Z	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄
文字高度	Y₁	1	5	1	1/3
文字间距	Y₂	1/5	1	1/3	1/7
出口方向信息位置	Y₃	1	3	1	1/3
地点信息底色	Y₄	3	7	3	1

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 主观评测结果

Table 7. Subjective evaluation results

选项	平均综合得分	所占比例/%
地点信息底色	3.13	34.80
文字高度	2.76	30.70
出口方向信息位置	1.82	20.30
文字间距	1.28	14.20

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(30)

[1]	交通运输部公路科学研究院. 道路交通标志和标线: GB 5768.1—2009[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. Highway Science Research Institute, Ministry of transport. road traffic signs and markings: GB 5768.1—2009[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[2]	American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Airport signing standards manual-1994[S]. Washington, D. C. : AASHTO, 1994.
[3]	Institute of Transportation Engineers. Airportroadway guide signs-1996[S]. Washington, D. C. : ITE, 1996.
[4]	United States Federal Highway General Administration. Manual on uniform traffic control devices-2009[S]. Washington, D. C. : FHWA, 2009.
[5]	Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Airport roadway sign design manual[S]. New York: PANYNJ, 2013.
[6]	Federal Aviation Administration. Airport signing and graphics[S]. Washington, D. C. : FAA, 2013.
[7]	WALLER R. Comparing typefaces for airport signs[J]. Information Design Journal, 2007, 15(1): 1-15. doi: 10.1075/idj.15.1.01wal
[8]	National Passenger Facilitation Committee. wayfinding good practice guide for australian international airports national passenger[Z]. Australian: National Passenger Facilitation Committee, 2011.
[9]	张晓瑾. 广州白云国际机场道路交通指路标识系统改善研究与设计[J]. 城市道桥与防洪, 2011(5): 31-35+238. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7716.2011.05.010 ZHANG X J. Improvement and design of road traffic guide sign system in Guangzhou Baiyun international airport[J]. Urban Roads Bridges & Flood Control, 2011(5): 31-35+238. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7716.2011.05.010
[10]	刘毅超. 民用机场航站楼区域交通与引导标志识别有效性研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2015. LIU Y C. Study on identification effectiveness of traffic and guidance signs in terminal area of civil airport[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[11]	余小惠. 从服务心理看我国机场服务管理的差距[J]. 空运商务, 2007(24): 4-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYSW200724002.htm YU X H. The gap between chinese airports and the paris airport in service management[J]. Air Transport & Business, 2007(24): 4-8. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYSW200724002.htm
[12]	张孝梅, 陈旭梅, 丁深圳, 等. 中美交通标志国标规范对比及启示: 以首都国际机场为例[J]. 交通运输研究, 2018, 4(6): 7-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTBH201806002.htm ZHANG X M, CHEN X M, DING S Z, et al. Comparison and enlightenment of national standards for traffic signs between china and the united states: Taking capital international airport as an example[J] Transportation Research, 2018, 4(6): 7-13. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTBH201806002.htm
[13]	裴玉龙, 张馨予. 基于视认特性的指路标志版面不同区域视认效果研究[J]. 森林工程, 2020, 36(4): 109-115. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8023.2020.04.015 PEI Y L, ZHANG X Y. Research on the visual recognition effect of different areas of the guide sign layout based on the visual recognition characteristics[J] Forest Engineering, 2020, 36(4): 109-115. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8023.2020.04.015
[14]	史秀红. 交通标志字体选择与视认性的关系研究[J]. 科技风, 2010(3): 250. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7341.2010.03.228 SHI X H. Study on the relationship between font selection and visual recognition of traffic signs[J]. Technology Trend, 2010(3): 250. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7341.2010.03.228
[15]	廖小芳, 关志娟, 陆康, 等. 汉字交通标志可认知性评价指标及标准[J]. 公路, 2012(10): 114-119. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0451-0712.2012.10.025 LIAO X F, GUAN Z J, LU K, et al. Cognition index and standard of chinese character traffic signs[J]. Highway, 2012(10): 114-119. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0451-0712.2012.10.025
[16]	熊雄. 公路交通标志标识优化设置研究[J]. 工程与建设, 2022, 36(2): 292-294. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJDA202202003.htm XIONG X. Research on optimization of highway traffic signs and signs[J] Engineering and Construction, 2022, 36(2): 292-294. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJDA202202003.htm
[17]	张岚. 城市交通标志设计中的色彩运用[J]. 综合运输, 2013(1): 76-80. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSZH201301018.htm ZHANG L. Color application in urban traffic sign design[J]. Comprehensive Transportation, 2013(1): 76-80. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSZH201301018.htm
[18]	王剑文. 高速公路出入口预告标志版面设计探讨[J]. 公路交通科技, 2014, 10(12): 380-383. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJJ201412110.htm WANG J W. Discussion on the layout design of expressway entrance and exit notice sign[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2014, 10(12): 380-383. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJJ201412110.htm
[19]	向耘赤. 城市道路指路标志版面信息量和设置距离研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2018. XIANG Y C. Study on the layout information and setting distance of urban road guide signs[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[20]	魏田正, 张杰, 李晨新, 等. 考虑驾驶人特性的指路标志视认反应时间研究[J]. 公路交通科技, 2021, 38(12): 139-146. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK202112016.htm WEI T Z, ZHANG J, LI C X, et al. Study on visual reaction time of guide signs considering driver characteristics[J] Highway Transportation Technology, 2021, 38(12): 139-146. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK202112016.htm
[21]	刘小明, 张伟, 魏中华, 等. 指路标志版面评价与优化[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2015, 41(1): 95-102. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJGD201501017.htm LIU X M, ZHANG W, WEI Z H, et al. Evaluation and optimization of traffic guide sign layout[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2015, 41(1): 95-102. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJGD201501017.htm
[22]	冯帆. 基于SP调查的高速公路出行舒适度影响因素分析及评价研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2020. FENG F. Analysis and evaluation research on influencing factors of expressway travel comfort based on sp survey[D]Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2020. (in Chinese)
[23]	黄利华, 赵晓华, 李洋, 等. 快速路立交桥区预告标志对驾驶人的影响研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报, 2019, 38(2): 86-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CQJT201902013.htm HUANG L H, ZHAO X H, LI Y, et al. Study on the influence of advance notice signs on drivers in expressway overpass area[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2019, 38(2): 86-93. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CQJT201902013.htm
[24]	王蔚. 车道行驶方向标志合理前置距离研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2016. WANG W. Study on the reasonable leading distance of lane direction signs[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
[25]	王振国. 绕城高速公路出入口指路标志信息量及版面设置研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2018. WANG Z G. Research on the information content and layout of the guide signs at the entrance and exit of the ring expressway[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[26]	王方, 陈金川, 陈艳艳, 等. 交通SP调查的均匀设计方法[J]. 城市交通, 2005(3): 69-72. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSJT200503016.htm WANG F, CHEN J C, CHEN Y Y, et al. Uniformity design method for spsurvey in transportation[J]. Urban Transport of China, 2005(3): 69-72. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSJT200503016.htm
[27]	SHIFTAN Y, VARY D, & GEYER D. Demand for park shuttle services: A stated-preference approach[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2006, 14(1), 52-59.
[28]	解少博, 阿比旦, 魏朗. 公路运行车速预测模型对比分析[J]. 长安大学学报, 2013, 33(5): 81-85. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGL201305016.htm XIE S B, A B D, WEI L. Comparison and analysis of highway running speed prediction models[J] Journal of Chang'an University, 2013, 33(5): 81-85. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGL201305016.htm
[29]	李瑞敏, 唐瑾. 城市道路交通流离散模型优化分析[J]. 公路工程, 2015, 40(4): 19-23+27. LI R M, TANG J. Optimization analysis of urban road traffic dispersion model[J]. Highway Engineering, 2015, 40(4): 19-23+27. (in Chinese)
[30]	王仁杰, 周晓宏. 高速公路交通标志的认知及评价综述[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(2): 9-18. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.02.002 WANG R J, ZHOU X H. Overview of cognition and evaluation of expressway traffic signs[J] Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(2): 9-18. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.02.002