锂离子电池安全检测传感器研究进展

赵星; 王澎; 抄佩佩; 李宁; 梁新苗; 董红磊

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.06.013

锂离子电池安全检测传感器研究进展

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.06.013

赵星^{1, 2,},
王澎^{1, 2},
抄佩佩^{1, 2},
李宁^{3, 4},
梁新苗^{1, 2},
董红磊^5, ,

1.
中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司数据中心重庆 401122
2.
国家市场监管技术创新中心（新能源汽车数字监管技术及应用）重庆 401122
3.
环境科学与工程北京市重点实验室北京理工大学材料学院北京 100081
4.
北京理工大学重庆创新中心新材料院士工作室重庆 401120
5.
国家市场监督管理总局缺陷产品管理中心北京 100088

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2021YFF0601100

详细信息

作者简介:
赵星(1986—), 博士.研究方向: 动力电池安全风险识别与故障诊断.E-mail: zhaoxing@caeri.com.cn

通讯作者:
董红磊(1982—), 博士, 高级工程师.研究方向: 汽车产品运行安全评价.E-mail: donghl@dpac.gov.cn

中图分类号: TM911
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-27

An Overview on Research Progress of Sensors for Detecting Safety of Lithium Batteries

ZHAO Xing^{1, 2
,},
WANG Peng^{1, 2},
CHAO Peipei^{1, 2},
LI Ning^{3, 4},
LIANG Xinmiao^{1, 2},
DONG Honglei^{5
, ,}

1.
Data Center, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., 401122, Chongqing, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center of New Energy Vehicle Digital Supervision Technology and Application for State Market Regulation, 401122, Chongqing, China
3.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
4.
Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, 401120, Chongqing, China
5.
Defective product administrative center, State Administration for Market Regulation, 100088, Beijing, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来, 由于热失控引发的锂离子电池安全事故频繁发生, 严重影响了新能源汽车运行安全, 作为保障车辆运行安全的有效手段, 对电池系统进行安全检测尤为重要。为提高锂离子电池的性能、延长循环寿命, 减少热失控安全事故的发生, 需要利用传感器技术对电池工作状态进行实时监控和检测。根据电池正常和异常工作状态下各物理量的变化, 常用的安全检测信号有应力应变、温度以及特征气体等。目前, 用于检测上述信号的安全检测传感器在电池状态检测方面已得到了广泛的应用。然而, 传统的传感器存在着体积大、灵敏度低、不耐电解液腐蚀等问题。对新型光纤布拉格光栅传感器、柔性薄膜传感器以及半导体式气体传感器的工作原理进行概述, 总结了上述3种传感器在锂离子电池应力应变、温度和气体检测的应用现状, 并从稳定性以及灵敏度等角度指出当前研究的不足, 如光纤布拉格光栅传感器电池体系适用性差, 插入式薄膜传感器影响电池性能, 半导体气体传感器精度和寿命低等问题。如何以经济、安全和实用的方式将传感器安装到电芯中, 减轻实际应用中传感器对电池循环性能的影响以及提高传感器信号传递的稳定性、精度、灵敏度, 是锂离子电池安全传感器开发面临的挑战, 仍然需要在传感器、电池设计等方面开展大量实验研究。
- 锂离子电池 /
- 电池失效 /
- 安全检测传感器 /
- 光纤布拉格光栅传感器 /
- 柔性薄膜传感器 /
- 半导体式气体传感器
Abstract: In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of lithium-battery accidents caused by thermal runaways, it is particularly important to apply the battery-safety monitoring systems. To improve the performance, extend the cycle life of lithium batteries and avoid the occurrence of those accidents, it is necessary to use sensor technique to monitor the working states of batteries in real-time. Based on the changes of physical variables in the batteries' working states, the commonly used safety detection signals include stress-strain, temperature, and gas. At present, safety-detection sensors for monitoring the signals are widely used in battery-state detection system. However, traditional sensors have some disadvantages, such as large volume, low sensitivity, and poor resistance to electrolytic corrosion. After outlining the working principles of the new fiber Bragg grating sensor, flexible film sensor and semi-conducting gas sensor, this paper summarizes the applications of the above three sensors in detecting stress-strain, temperature, and gas, and discusses the shortcomings of current studies from the perspectives of stability and sensitivity.The shortcomings include the poor applicability of the fiber Bragg grating sensor, the negative impact of the flexible film sensor on battery performance, and the low accuracy and short life of the semi-conducting gas sensor. The questions how to install the sensors into the battery cells in an economical, safe and practical way, how to reduce the influence of the sensors on the cycle performance of batteries in practice, and how to improve the stability, accuracy and sensitivity of sensor-signal transmission are crucial for the development of sensors for safety detection system of lithium-battery, which still need massive research on the sensor and battery design.
- lithium battery /
- battery failure /
- safety-detection sensor /
- fiber Bragg grating sensor /
- flexible film sensor /
- semi-conducting gas sensor

HTML全文

图 1 FBG传感器工作原理

Figure 1. Working principle of FBG sensor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 带光纤光栅传感器的FO电缆在大尺寸xEV软包电池中的功能配置^[13]

Figure 2. Function configuration of FO cable with fiber Bragg grating sensor in large size xEV soft pack battery^[13]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 薄膜热电偶工作原理

Figure 3. Working principle of thin film thermocouple

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 锂离子电池热失控过程，气体监测、电压监测、温度监测的预警效果对比^[41]

Figure 4. Comparison of early warning effects of gas monitoring, voltage monitoring and temperature monitoring on thermal runaway of lithium ion batteries

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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