基于异常声音的隧道交通事故检测方法

马庆禄; 付冰琳; 马恋; 李杨梅

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.01.004

基于异常声音的隧道交通事故检测方法

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.01.004

1.
重庆交通大学交通运输学院重庆 400074
2.
宁夏交投高速公路有限公司银川 750000

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2018YFB1600200

重庆市研究生科研创新项目 CYS21356

详细信息

通讯作者:
马庆禄（1980—），博士，教授. 研究方向：智能交通与安全. E-mail：mql360@qq.com

中图分类号: U412.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 973
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-13

A Method for Detecting Traffic Accidents on Highway Tunnel Sections Based on Abnormal Sound

1.
School of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2.
Ningxia Expressway Co., LTD, Yinchuan 750000, China

摘要

摘要: 针对公路隧道内交通事故的动态感知问题，在传统检测方法的基础上引入声学检测理论与方法，研究基于异常声音检测的隧道交通事故智能检测方法。通过分析短时能量（short term energy，STE）和梅尔倒谱系数（Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficients，MFCC）检测方法在事故段特征表征以及精度干扰方面的缺陷，提出1种改进的融合特征MFCCE研究隧道环境下的交通事故检测。提取STE和MFCC特征并使用主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）进行特征融合得到新的融合特征MFCCE。以真实行车事故数据为基础，构建包含刹车与碰撞声的2段隧道噪声实验样本数据，分别对应早高峰时段（07：00—08：00）及平峰时段（12：00—13：00）的行车条件对隧道内的事故环境进行模拟分析，利用端点检测对所提方法进行验证并与其余2种方法进行对比分析。使用Pearson简单相关系数法作为最终的评价方法，通过该方法计算得到的相关系数r对比三种检测结果与原始样本的正相关相性。实验结果表明：STE在平峰及早高峰时段的相关系数分别为0.933和0.988；MFCC在平峰及早高峰时段的相关系数均为0.998；而无论在平峰还是早高峰时段，MFCCE的相关系数（0.999）均高于另外其他2种检测方法。MFCCE的平均相关系数相比于其他2种检测方法（STE、MFCC）分别提高了3.95%和1.00%。
- 交通安全 /
- 交通事故 /
- 融合特征 /
- 端点检测 /
- 隧道安全
Abstract: In response to the need of effectively detecting traffic accidents in highway tunnel sections, a novel acoustic detection method is introduced, so as to study an intelligent way for detecting traffic accidents in tunnels based on abnormal sound. By analyzing the issues of using Short-Term Energy (STE) and Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) in identifying accident sections and interfering with precision, a modified fusion feature MFCCE is proposed to detect traffic accidents in tunnel sections. The new fusion feature of the MFCCE is obtained by extracting STE and MFCC features in virtue of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to conduct feature fusion. Based on an observed traffic accident dataset, a sample dataset of noise experiments in two tunnels containing braking and collision sounds is developed, which corresponds to the traffic scenario of morning peak hours (from 07:00 to 08:00) and regular hours (from 12:00 to 13:00) respectively. Then an endpoint detection method is utilized to validate the proposed method, which is then compared with the other two methods (STE and MFCC). The Pearson correlation coefficient is determined as the final evaluation method, through which correlation coefficients r is used to compare the positive correlation of the three test results with the original samples. Experimental results show that the correlation coefficients of STE are 0.933 and 0.988 in the regular and morning peak hours respectively; the correlation coefficients of MFCC are 0.998 in both regular and morning peak hours, while the correlation coefficient of MFCCE (0.999) is higher than the other two detection methods in both regular and morning peak hours. The average correlation coefficients of MFCCE are 3.95% and 1.00% higher than the other two detection methods, respectively.
- road safety /
- traffic accident /
- multiple features fusion /
- endpoint detection /
- tunnel safety

HTML全文

图 1 改进谱减法流程对比

Figure 1. Comparison of improved spectral subtraction process

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图 2 实际数据构建

Figure 2. Actual data construction

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图 3 隧道环境噪声的采集

Figure 3. Collecting tunnel ambient noise

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图 4 4个时段采样数据的原始波形示意图

Figure 4. The original waveform diagram of the sampled data in four periods

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图 5 实际数据构建

Figure 5. Actual data construction

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图 6 样本数据降噪前后对比图

Figure 6. Comparison of sample data before and after noise reduction

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图 7 平峰及高峰时段3种检测方法结果

Figure 7. The results of three detection methods in flat peak period and peak period

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图 8 样本检测方法结果对比图

Figure 8. Sample detection method results comparison diagram

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表 1 实际数据与合成样本的参数对比

Table 1. Comparison of actual data with synthetic samples

对比参数	实际数据	合成数据	匹配度/%
声时历程/s	10.3	10.2	99.03
频率/Hz	48 000	48 000	100
响度/sone	31.62	29.47	93.20
尖锐度/acum	1.78	1.62	91.01
粗糙度/asper	0.99	0.90	90.91
波动度/vacil	0.40	0.36	90.00

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表 1 平峰时段检测结果对比

Table 1. Comparison of three detection results in flat peak period 单位: s

算法	t_s^b	t_e^b	t_s^c	t_e^c
REAL	3.50	4.50	5.00	7.50
STE	3.31	4.71	4.93	7.25
MFCC	3.46	4.58	4.98	8.19
MFCCE	3.46	4.58	4.99	7.40
注：t_s^b，t_e^b为刹车段的开始时刻与结束时刻；t_s^c，t_e^c为碰撞段的开始时刻与结束时刻；REAL为原始样本。

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表 2 早高峰时段检测结果对比

Table 2. Comparison of detection results during morning peak hours 单位: s

算法	t_s^b	t_e^b	t_s^c	t_e^c
REAL	3.50	4.50	5.00	7.50
STE	3.61	4.74	5.00	6.58
MFCC	3.46	4.58	5.00	8.05
MFCCE	3.63	4.73	5.00	7.41

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表 3 3种检测方法Pearson简单相关系数分析对比

Table 3. Pearson simple correlation coefficient analysis and comparison of three detection methods

算法	r₁	r₂	p₁	p₂
STE	0.933	0.988	0.007	0.012
MFCC	0.998	0.998	0.002	0.002
MFCCE	0.999	0.999	0.001	0.001
注：r₁，p₁为平峰时段的相关系数及概率p值；r₂，p₂为高峰时段的相关系数及概率p值。

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