综合客运枢纽疏散流线设计优化方法

李兴华; 王天佐; 张晓光; 赵军舰; 成诚

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.01.014

综合客运枢纽疏散流线设计优化方法

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.01.014

李兴华^{1, 2,},
王天佐^{1, 3},
张晓光⁴,
赵军舰⁴,
成诚^{2, 3, ,}

1.
同济大学城市交通研究院上海 201804
2.
同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室上海 201804
3.
同济大学中国交通研究院上海 200092
4.
中交远洲交通科技集团有限公司石家庄 050035

基金项目:

上海市社会发展科技攻关项目 21DZ1205102

中交集团科技研发专项 2019-ZJKJ-ZDZX02

湖南机场股份有限公司咨询课题项目 DKT3-咨-2019-007

详细信息

作者简介:
李兴华（1967—），博士，教授. 研究方向：综合交通规划、交通政策与管理. E-mail：xinghuali@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
成诚（1989—），博士，副研究员. 研究方向：交通仿真优化、智能交通管控. E-mail：18608@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: U491
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-13

A Method for Optimizing the Design of Evacuation Streamline for Multimodal Passenger Transportation Hubs

LI Xinghua^{1, 2
,},
WANG Tianzuo^{1, 3},
ZHANG Xiaoguang⁴,
ZHAO Junjian⁴,
CHENG Cheng^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Urban Mobility Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
2.
The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
3.
China Transportation Institute at Tongji, Shanghai 200092, China
4.
Chinaroads Communications Science & Technology Group CO., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050035, China

摘要

摘要: 综合客运枢纽内部人员密集、通道网络复杂，且进出口数量较多，客流疏散效率不易提高。针对这个问题，不同于现有研究大多考虑改造物理设施，本文提出了通过控制通道开闭状态及通行流向，充分发挥既有设施通行能力的疏散流线设计优化方法。设计了由系统输入、疏散仿真及疏散流线优化模块组成的疏散流线设计仿真优化框架。其中，系统输入模块包含疏散需求、疏散网络、疏散行为参数；疏散仿真模块用于给定疏散流线方案下疏散效率的模拟测算；疏散流线优化模块则基于疏散仿真模拟结果迭代优化疏散流线方案。疏散仿真方面，考虑到行人在疏散途中可能动态修改疏散路线的特点，基于Logit模型构建了行人疏散择路行为模型。疏散流线优化方面，为提高疏散效率，避免局部通道过于拥挤，设计了以整体疏散时长、所有个体总疏散时间和通道最大饱和度最低为目标的疏散流线优化模型，并应用基于NSGA-Ⅲ的疏散流线多目标优化算法进行求解。以虹桥火车站到达层疏散场景为例开展模型验证，结果表明：相比于常规情况无特殊流线设计的疏散方案，优化方案的整体疏散时长、所有个体总疏散时间和通道最大饱和度分别降低36.2%、16.6%、51.6%。该方法对建设安全高效的综合客运枢纽内部行人疏散系统具有较好的参考及应用价值。
- 交通工程 /
- 综合客运枢纽 /
- 疏散流线设计 /
- 仿真优化 /
- 多目标优化
Abstract: Multimodal passenger transportation hubs are typically crowded by pedestrians, and are composed of complex corridor networks, multiple entrances, and exits. It has been challenging to improve the evacuation efficiency of multimodal passenger transportation hubs. To address this challenge, most of previous studies focus on the layout redesign of facilities, while this study proposes a method to fully utilize the existing facility capacity by controlling the opening/closing state and walking direction of corridors. A simulation-based optimization framework for designing the evacuation streamline is proposed, including system input, simulation for the evacuation process, and optimization modules for the evacuation streamline. The input module of the system requires to specify the following three parameters: evacuation demand, evacuation network, and evacuation behavior. The evacuation simulation module is used to evaluate the efficiency of passenger evacuation under a specific plan of evacuation streamline. The optimization of evacuation streamline plan is conducted by the optimization module based on the results of evacuation simulation runs. Regarding the evacuation simulation, as pedestrians may dynamically modify their evacuation routes, a dynamic model for simulating route choice behavior is developed based on the Logit modeling framework. An optimization model of evacuation streamline is designed to minimize overall evacuation time, total evacuation duration of all individuals, and the level of maximum corridor saturation. An optimization algorithm for multi-objective evacuation streamline is developed based on the NSGA-Ⅲ. The proposed method is validated based on an evacuation scenario of the arrival level of Hongqiao Railway Station. Study results indicate that, compared to the conventional evacuation scenarios without an optimized design of evacuation streamline, the overall evacuation time, total evacuation duration and corridor maximum saturation of the optimized scenario are reduced by 36.2%, 16.6%, and 51.6%, respectively. In general, the proposed method should be beneficial for developing a safe and efficient pedestrian evacuation plan for the multimodal passenger transportation hubs.
- traffic engineering /
- integrated passenger transportation hub /
- evacuation streamline design /
- simulation-based optimization /
- multi-objective optimization

HTML全文

图 1 基于仿真优化的枢纽疏散流线设计框架

Figure 1. Hub evacuation streamline generation framework via simulation-based optimization

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图 2 疏散系统建模

Figure 2. Evacuation system modeling

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图 3 行人疏散仿真流程图

Figure 3. Pedestrian evacuation simulation flowchart

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图 4 NSGA-Ⅲ算法流程图

Figure 4. NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm flowchart

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图 5 上海虹桥火车站到达层平面布局图

Figure 5. Layout of the Shanghai Hongqiao railway station arrival floor

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图 6 到达层网络模型及疏散需求分布热力图

注：核密度分析半径取10m。

Figure 6. Network model of the arrival floor and the heatmap of initial evacuation distribution

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图 7 入口需求生成模型

Figure 7. Entrance demand generation model

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图 8 NSGA-Ⅲ迭代过程

Figure 8. NSGA-Ⅲ iteration process

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图 9 疏散流线设计方案A₂

Figure 9. Evacuation plan A₂

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表 1 需求生成函数参数取值

Table 1. Values of demand generation function parameters

入口类型	入口位置	max/(人/s)	t₁/s	t₂/s	总需求量/人
铁路到达入口	西	5	45	15	1 908
	中	6	45	15
	东	7	45	15
地铁到达入口	西	3	45	15	318
扶梯入口	西	2	45	15	530
扶梯入口	东	3	45	15	530

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表 2 疏散流线方案对比

Table 2. Comparison of evacuation streamline plans

评价指标	流线优化方案A₂	全双向通行方案A₀ (A₂相对于A₀的优化比例/%)	全单向通行方案A₁ (A₂相对于A₁的优化比例/%)
整体疏散时长/s	146	229 （-36.2）	175 （-16.6）
所有个体总疏散时间/s	478 138	573 365 （-16.6）	485 005 （-1.4）
通道最大饱和度	0.95	1.96 （-51.6）	1.41 （-32.8）

下载: 导出CSV

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