A Dynamic Takeover Method for Aircrafts in Emergency Response of Air Traffic Management Service
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摘要: 应对空中交通服务突发事件的航空器接管方案是我国空管应急体系的重要内容，现行方式由相邻管制扇区独立接管失能扇区中的全部航空器，在一定程度上加剧了接管扇区管制员的工作负荷，容易产生安全风险。考虑接管中航空器的有效通讯范围，以及管制员工作负荷水平与航空器疏散时间的共同影响，制定了以接管失能扇区中航空器的总代价最小为目标、管制员负荷增量上限为约束条件的动态接管方案。将航空器视为飞行状态网络中的节点，在三维空间中建立空域失能瞬间的动态接管模型；基于MATLAB构建终端区失能瞬间的仿真空域场景，通过计算代价函数输出接管各航空器的扇区编号；以终端区内的管制员平均负荷和航空器脱离失能扇区的平均时间作为检验指标，对比分析了动态接管方案与现行方案的应用效果。通过仿真发现：该方案与由各扇区独立接管的现行方案相比，尽管少量航空器由于有效通讯范围无法被最优扇区接管，但管制员的平均负荷分别降低了9.8%、12.2%、18.6%；同时，航空器的平均疏散时间减少了56.8%、56.3%、64.0%。动态接管方案既考虑了航空器在紧急事件突发瞬间的位置因素，又满足了管制员负荷增量水平的安全需求，实现了对失能空域内航空器的灵活接管，为空管单位制定更加合理的应急处置策略提供了参考依据。Abstract: Aircraft takeover methods in response to unforeseen events in air traffic services is an important component of the Air Traffic Management (ATM) contingency system in China. Under the current scheme, all aircrafts in the sector of Air Traffic Control-Zero (ATC-Zero) are independently taken over by adjacent control sectors. To some extent, it aggravates the workload of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) of the takeover sector and creates safety challenges. Considering the effective communication range of aircraft during the takeover process and the combined impacts of ATCOs' workload and aircraft evacuation time, a dynamic takeover method is developed with the objective of minimizing the total cost of taking-over aircrafts in the ATC-Zero sector and the constraint of a maximum increment in ATCOs' workload. Aircrafts are regarded as nodes in a flight state network, and a dynamic takeover model is developed in a three-dimensional space at the moment of ATC-Zero. A simulated airspace scenario of the terminal area at the moment of the ATC-Zero is developed using MATLAB. The sector ID for taking over each aircraft is determined by calculating the cost function. The average workload of ATCOs in the terminal area and the average time for aircrafts to evacuate from the ATC-Zero sector are used as the evaluation indexes to compare and analyze the application effectiveness of the dynamic takeover and the current method. Simulation results show that, compared to the current method, the average workload of ATCOs is reduced by 9.8%, 12.2%, and 18.6%, respectively, although a small number of aircrafts cannot be optimally taken over by the most suitable sectors due to their effective communication range. At the same time, the average evacuation time of aircrafts is reduced by 56.8%, 56.3%, and 64.0%, respectively. The dynamic takeover method proposed considers both the positional factors of aircrafts at the moment of emergency events and the safety constraint related to the increment in ATCOs' workload. With this, the flexible takeover of aircrafts in the ATC-Zero sector can be accomplished, which should provide a reference for ATM units to develop more reasonable emergency response strategies.
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Key words:
- traffic safety /
- air traffic /
- emergency takeover /
- cost function /
- workload /
- evacuation time
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表 1 扇区Z中的航空器仿真数据
Table 1. Simulation data of aircrafts in sector Z
航空器编号 速度/（km/h） 高度/m 航向（/°） 13 318 1 974 188 15 314 1 894 177 18 358 2 022 143 23 335 2 623 329 25 340 1 701 036 28 312 2 100 245 29 318 2 245 050 30 324 2 174 260 33 391 1 942 178 34 395 1 461 281 36 349 1 389 326 38 390 1 341 121 40 311 1 871 072 41 378 1 622 011 47 395 1 878 223 
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表 2 失能瞬间的各扇区管制员的工作负荷
Table 2. The ATCOs' workload in different sectors at the moment of ATC-Zero
扇区 工作负荷 R1 40.684 R2 54.099 R3 59.569 Z 75.144
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表 3 由相邻扇区接管扇区Z中航空器的代价函数计算结果
Table 3. The cost function calculation result of aircrafts in sector Z taken over by the adjacent sectors
航空器编号 R1扇区接管 R2扇区接管 R3扇区接管 疏散时间/min 代价函数 疏散时间/min 代价函数 疏散时间/min 代价函数 13 2.004 5.031 1.446 5.365 14.512 17.482 15 1.074 4.740 4.526 10.421 11.631 17.556 18 0.894 3.032 6.172 8.476 8.320 9.387 23 4.389 5.742 3.862 6.044 8.099 8.682 25 6.156 10.189 2.141 6.512 9.119 13.277 28 2.823 4.746 10.370 12.258 4.822 6.852 29 7.719 10.560 2.534 6.131 8.143 10.832 30 2.105 8.172 ∞ 3.413 11.556 33 2.068 8.841 ∞ 1.514 9.574 34 1.589 5.461 ∞ 1.204 6.254 36 6.506 2.920 5.106 2.762 4.133 2.318 38 5.322 8.747 6.728 11.337 2.268 6.259 40 11.587 8.643 1.680 3.118 5.240 4.961 41 7.382 9.963 7.701 11.224 0.936 4.537 47 9.261 8.109 3.738 4.931 1.583 3.476 求和 70.879 104.896 56.004 88.579 84.937 133.003
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表 4 不同接管方案的检验指标计算结果
Table 4. The calculation result of test indexes by different takeover schemes
接管方案 接管扇区 接管航空器编号 终端区内扇区管制员平均负荷L 失能扇区航空器平均疏散时间T/min R1扇区接管 Z中全部航空器 86.416 4.725 现行接管方案 R2扇区接管 Z中全部航空器 88.821 4.667 R3扇区接管 Z中全部航空器 95.785 5.663 R1扇区接管 15，18，28，30，34 动态接管方案 R2扇区接管 13，23，25，29，40 77.946 2.039 R3扇区接管 33，36，38，41，47
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