Pathway for Integrated Development of Port and Clean Energy Under Strategy of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization in China

Clean energy provides a viable approach towards environmentally friendly, low-carbon development within the port industry. However, the lack of comprehensive planning and efficient utilization of accessible clean energy sources hinders a sustainable growth of China's port industry. To achieve the"Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality"goals for ports and address challenges of high energy consumption and carbon emissions, the limitations within the integration process between the Port and Clean energy are investigated both domestically and abroad. Key issues are identified, such as limited types of clean energy, low penetration rates of clean energy, challenges in multi-energy grid technology, and the absence of integrated green hydrogen applications. This paper studies the endowment of natural resources in ports and analyzes their energy consumption forms. In addition, a comprehensive energy system for ports is proposed, which involves multi-energy integration across three aspects of"source-grid-load", forming an architecture that focuses on reducing carbon emissions and enhancing self-sufficiency in energy. Furthermore, the structure of energy integration system, which includes power generation and hydrogen consumption, is further refined. This system identifies a topology structure for the port's comprehensive energy system, centered primarily on power systems, electrical grid, and energy consumption of the terminal. Developmental paths are also outlined, including the policy support, technological innovation, and demonstration trials. Moreover, taking Chuanshan port region of Ningbo Zhoushan Port as an example, this paper devises a waterborne port-vessel multi-energy integration application system architecture, with core components spanning energy, control, grid, and load layers. By utilizing the natural resources of the port region, a sustainable energy provision architecture has been devised, which is anchored by wind power and supported by supplementary clean energy options. The power generation replaced by clean energy is anticipated to surpass 14 MW, with an associated carbon emissions reduction exceeding 20 000 t. This paper exemplifies the integration of ports with clean energy, substantiating its practicability and efficacy, as well as providing a scientific reference for the future ecologically conscious and low-carbon development of port industry in China.